Longitudinal associations of dietary sugars and glycaemic index with indices of glucose metabolism and body fatness during 3-year weight loss maintenance: A PREVIEW sub-study
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- Della Corte et al_Nutrients_2023_Vol 15(9)_e2083
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Background: Dietary sugars are often linked to the development of overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) but inconsistencies remain.
Objective: We investigated associations of added, free, and total sugars, and glycaemic index (GI) with indices of glucose metabolism (IGM) and indices of body fatness (IBF) during a 3-year weight loss maintenance intervention.
Design: The PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) study was a randomised controlled trial designed to test the effects of four diet and physical activity interventions, after an 8-week weight-loss period, on the incidence of T2D. This secondary observational analysis included pooled data assessed at baseline (8), 26, 52, 104 and 156 weeks from 514 participants with overweight/obesity (age 25–70 year; BMI ≥ 25 kg⋅m−2) and with/without prediabetes in centres that provided data on added sugars (Sydney and Helsinki) or free sugars (Nottingham). Linear mixed models with repeated measures were applied for IBF (total body fat, BMI, waist circumference) and for IGM (fasting insulin, HbA1c, fasting glucose, C-peptide). Model A was adjusted for age and intervention centre and Model B additionally adjusted for energy, protein, fibre, and saturated fat.
Results: Total sugars were inversely associated with fasting insulin and C-peptide in all centres, and free sugars were inversely associated with fasting glucose and HbA1c (Model B: all p < 0.05). Positive associations were observed between GI and IGM (Model B: fasting insulin, HbA1c, and C-peptide: (all p < 0.01), but not for added sugars. Added sugar was positively associated with body fat percentage and BMI, and GI was associated with waist circumference (Model B: all p < 0.01), while free sugars showed no associations (Model B: p > 0.05).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that added sugars and GI were independently associated with 3-y weight regain, but only GI was associated with 3-y changes in glucose metabolism in individuals at high risk of T2D.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 2083 |
| Tidsskrift | Nutrients |
| Vol/bind | 15 |
| Udgave nummer | 9 |
| Antal sider | 14 |
| ISSN | 2072-6643 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
CURIS 2023 NEXS 135
Funding Information:
The EU framework programme 7 (FP7/2007–2013) grant agreement # 312057. National Health and Medical Research Council-EU Collaborative Grant, AUS 8, ID 1067711. The Glycaemic Index Foundation Australia through royalties to the University of Sydney. The NZ Health Research Council (14/191) and University of Auckland Faculty Research Development Fund. The Cambridge Weight Plan donated all products for the 8-week LED period. The Danish Agriculture & Food Council. The Danish Meat and Research Institute. National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR BRC) (UK). Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (UK). Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (UK). Nutritics (Dublin) donated all dietary analysis software used by UNOTT. Juho Vainio Foundation (FIN), Academy of Finland (grant numbers: 272376, 314383, 266286, 314135), Finnish Medical Foundation, Gyllenberg Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, University of Helsinki, Government Research Funds for Helsinki University Hospital (FIN), Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation (FIN), Emil Aaltonen Foundation (FIN). The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
ID: 357688806