Longitudinal associations of dietary sugars and glycaemic index with indices of glucose metabolism and body fatness during 3-year weight loss maintenance: A PREVIEW sub-study
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Longitudinal associations of dietary sugars and glycaemic index with indices of glucose metabolism and body fatness during 3-year weight loss maintenance: A PREVIEW sub-study. / Della Corte, Karen; Jalo, Elli; Kaartinen, Niina E; Simpson, Liz; Taylor, Moira A; Muirhead, Roslyn; Raben, Anne; Macdonald, Ian A; Fogelholm, Mikael; Brand-Miller, Jennie.
I: Nutrients, Bind 15, Nr. 9, 2083, 2023.Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskrift › Tidsskriftartikel › Forskning › fagfællebedømt
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Longitudinal associations of dietary sugars and glycaemic index with indices of glucose metabolism and body fatness during 3-year weight loss maintenance: A PREVIEW sub-study
AU - Della Corte, Karen
AU - Jalo, Elli
AU - Kaartinen, Niina E
AU - Simpson, Liz
AU - Taylor, Moira A
AU - Muirhead, Roslyn
AU - Raben, Anne
AU - Macdonald, Ian A
AU - Fogelholm, Mikael
AU - Brand-Miller, Jennie
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Background: Dietary sugars are often linked to the development of overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) but inconsistencies remain. Objective: We investigated associations of added, free, and total sugars, and glycaemic index (GI) with indices of glucose metabolism (IGM) and indices of body fatness (IBF) during a 3-year weight loss maintenance intervention. Design: The PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) study was a randomised controlled trial designed to test the effects of four diet and physical activity interventions, after an 8-week weight-loss period, on the incidence of T2D. This secondary observational analysis included pooled data assessed at baseline (8), 26, 52, 104 and 156 weeks from 514 participants with overweight/obesity (age 25–70 year; BMI ≥ 25 kg⋅m−2) and with/without prediabetes in centres that provided data on added sugars (Sydney and Helsinki) or free sugars (Nottingham). Linear mixed models with repeated measures were applied for IBF (total body fat, BMI, waist circumference) and for IGM (fasting insulin, HbA1c, fasting glucose, C-peptide). Model A was adjusted for age and intervention centre and Model B additionally adjusted for energy, protein, fibre, and saturated fat. Results: Total sugars were inversely associated with fasting insulin and C-peptide in all centres, and free sugars were inversely associated with fasting glucose and HbA1c (Model B: all p < 0.05). Positive associations were observed between GI and IGM (Model B: fasting insulin, HbA1c, and C-peptide: (all p < 0.01), but not for added sugars. Added sugar was positively associated with body fat percentage and BMI, and GI was associated with waist circumference (Model B: all p < 0.01), while free sugars showed no associations (Model B: p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that added sugars and GI were independently associated with 3-y weight regain, but only GI was associated with 3-y changes in glucose metabolism in individuals at high risk of T2D.
AB - Background: Dietary sugars are often linked to the development of overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) but inconsistencies remain. Objective: We investigated associations of added, free, and total sugars, and glycaemic index (GI) with indices of glucose metabolism (IGM) and indices of body fatness (IBF) during a 3-year weight loss maintenance intervention. Design: The PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) study was a randomised controlled trial designed to test the effects of four diet and physical activity interventions, after an 8-week weight-loss period, on the incidence of T2D. This secondary observational analysis included pooled data assessed at baseline (8), 26, 52, 104 and 156 weeks from 514 participants with overweight/obesity (age 25–70 year; BMI ≥ 25 kg⋅m−2) and with/without prediabetes in centres that provided data on added sugars (Sydney and Helsinki) or free sugars (Nottingham). Linear mixed models with repeated measures were applied for IBF (total body fat, BMI, waist circumference) and for IGM (fasting insulin, HbA1c, fasting glucose, C-peptide). Model A was adjusted for age and intervention centre and Model B additionally adjusted for energy, protein, fibre, and saturated fat. Results: Total sugars were inversely associated with fasting insulin and C-peptide in all centres, and free sugars were inversely associated with fasting glucose and HbA1c (Model B: all p < 0.05). Positive associations were observed between GI and IGM (Model B: fasting insulin, HbA1c, and C-peptide: (all p < 0.01), but not for added sugars. Added sugar was positively associated with body fat percentage and BMI, and GI was associated with waist circumference (Model B: all p < 0.01), while free sugars showed no associations (Model B: p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that added sugars and GI were independently associated with 3-y weight regain, but only GI was associated with 3-y changes in glucose metabolism in individuals at high risk of T2D.
KW - Added sugar
KW - Body weight
KW - Dietary sugar
KW - Glucose metabolism
KW - Glycaemic index
KW - Overweight
KW - Type 2 diabetes
U2 - 10.3390/nu15092083
DO - 10.3390/nu15092083
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37432216
AN - SCOPUS:85159330054
VL - 15
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
SN - 2072-6643
IS - 9
M1 - 2083
ER -
ID: 357688806