Can a higher protein/low glycemic index vs. a conventional diet attenuate changes in appetite and gut hormones following weight loss? A 3-year PREVIEW sub-study
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Can a higher protein/low glycemic index vs. a conventional diet attenuate changes in appetite and gut hormones following weight loss? A 3-year PREVIEW sub-study. / Buso, Marion E C; Seimon, Radhika V; McClintock, Sally; Muirhead, Roslyn; Atkinson, Fiona S; Brodie, Shannon; Dodds, Jarron; Zibellini, Jessica; Das, Arpita; Wild-Taylor, Anthony L; Burk, Jessica; Fogelholm, Mikael; Raben, Anne; Brand-Miller, Jennie C; Sainsbury, Amanda.
In: Frontiers in Nutrition, Vol. 8, 640538, 2021.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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T1 - Can a higher protein/low glycemic index vs. a conventional diet attenuate changes in appetite and gut hormones following weight loss? A 3-year PREVIEW sub-study
AU - Buso, Marion E C
AU - Seimon, Radhika V
AU - McClintock, Sally
AU - Muirhead, Roslyn
AU - Atkinson, Fiona S
AU - Brodie, Shannon
AU - Dodds, Jarron
AU - Zibellini, Jessica
AU - Das, Arpita
AU - Wild-Taylor, Anthony L
AU - Burk, Jessica
AU - Fogelholm, Mikael
AU - Raben, Anne
AU - Brand-Miller, Jennie C
AU - Sainsbury, Amanda
N1 - Copyright © 2021 Buso, Seimon, McClintock, Muirhead, Atkinson, Brodie, Dodds, Zibellini, Das, Wild-Taylor, Burk, Fogelholm, Raben, Brand-Miller and Sainsbury.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: Previous research showed that weight-reducing diets increase appetite sensations and/or circulating ghrelin concentrations for up to 36 months, with transient or enduring perturbations in circulating concentrations of the satiety hormone peptide YY. Objective: This study assessed whether a diet that is higher in protein and low in glycemic index (GI) may attenuate these changes. Methods: 136 adults with pre-diabetes and a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 underwent a 2-month weight-reducing total meal replacement diet. Participants who lost ≥8% body weight were randomized to one of two 34-month weight-maintenance diets: a higher-protein and moderate-carbohydrate (CHO) diet with low GI, or a moderate-protein and higher-CHO diet with moderate GI. Both arms involved recommendations to increase physical activity. Fasting plasma concentrations of total ghrelin and total peptide YY, and appetite sensations, were measured at 0 months (pre-weight loss), at 2 months (immediately post-weight loss), and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Results: There was a decrease in plasma peptide YY concentrations and an increase in ghrelin after the 2-month weight-reducing diet, and these values approached pre-weight-loss values by 6 and 24 months, respectively (P = 0.32 and P = 0.08, respectively, vs. 0 months). However, there were no differences between the two weight-maintenance diets. Subjective appetite sensations were not affected by the weight-reducing diet nor the weight-maintenance diets. While participants regained an average of ~50% of the weight they had lost by 36 months, the changes in ghrelin and peptide YY during the weight-reducing phase did not correlate with weight regain. Conclusion: A higher-protein, low-GI diet for weight maintenance does not attenuate changes in ghrelin or peptide YY compared with a moderate-protein, moderate-GI diet. Clinical Trial Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov registry ID NCT01777893 (PREVIEW) and ID NCT02030249 (Sub-study).
AB - Background: Previous research showed that weight-reducing diets increase appetite sensations and/or circulating ghrelin concentrations for up to 36 months, with transient or enduring perturbations in circulating concentrations of the satiety hormone peptide YY. Objective: This study assessed whether a diet that is higher in protein and low in glycemic index (GI) may attenuate these changes. Methods: 136 adults with pre-diabetes and a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 underwent a 2-month weight-reducing total meal replacement diet. Participants who lost ≥8% body weight were randomized to one of two 34-month weight-maintenance diets: a higher-protein and moderate-carbohydrate (CHO) diet with low GI, or a moderate-protein and higher-CHO diet with moderate GI. Both arms involved recommendations to increase physical activity. Fasting plasma concentrations of total ghrelin and total peptide YY, and appetite sensations, were measured at 0 months (pre-weight loss), at 2 months (immediately post-weight loss), and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Results: There was a decrease in plasma peptide YY concentrations and an increase in ghrelin after the 2-month weight-reducing diet, and these values approached pre-weight-loss values by 6 and 24 months, respectively (P = 0.32 and P = 0.08, respectively, vs. 0 months). However, there were no differences between the two weight-maintenance diets. Subjective appetite sensations were not affected by the weight-reducing diet nor the weight-maintenance diets. While participants regained an average of ~50% of the weight they had lost by 36 months, the changes in ghrelin and peptide YY during the weight-reducing phase did not correlate with weight regain. Conclusion: A higher-protein, low-GI diet for weight maintenance does not attenuate changes in ghrelin or peptide YY compared with a moderate-protein, moderate-GI diet. Clinical Trial Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov registry ID NCT01777893 (PREVIEW) and ID NCT02030249 (Sub-study).
U2 - 10.3389/fnut.2021.640538
DO - 10.3389/fnut.2021.640538
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33829034
VL - 8
JO - Frontiers in Nutrition
JF - Frontiers in Nutrition
SN - 2296-861X
M1 - 640538
ER -
ID: 259835766