Amount and quality of dietary proteins during the first two years of life in relation to NCD risk in adulthood
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Amount and quality of dietary proteins during the first two years of life in relation to NCD risk in adulthood. / Michaelsen, Kim F.; Larnkjær, Anni; Mølgaard, Christian.
In: Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases, Vol. 22, No. 10, 2012, p. 781-786.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review › Research › peer-review
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T1 - Amount and quality of dietary proteins during the first two years of life in relation to NCD risk in adulthood
AU - Michaelsen, Kim F.
AU - Larnkjær, Anni
AU - Mølgaard, Christian
N1 - IHE 2012 060
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - During late infancy many infants have a protein intake, which is more than three times as high as the physiological need. Several observational studies have shown an association between a high-protein intake (>15 energy %) early in life and an increased risk of developing obesity and thereby non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life. This effect was supported by a recent intervention study with infant formulas with two levels of protein, showing that a higher protein intake during the first year of life resulted in a higher body mass index (BMI) at age 2 years. It is also plausible that an important reason for the slower growth in breast-fed infants is the lower content of protein in breastmilk, but other qualities of breastmilk could also play a role. A high intake of protein, especially dairy protein, stimulates the growth factors insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and insulin, and it has been suggested that the lower risk of NCDs in breast-fed infants is mediated through a regulation of IGF-I. A low quality of protein, as in cereal-based diets with no animal foods as often seen in low-income countries, may contribute to undernutrition, which can also result in an increased risk of NCDs later in life. In conclusion, there is some evidence that a high protein intake during the complementary feeding period is associated with increased risk of NCDs and that avoidance of a high protein intake could reduce the risk of obesity. In low-income countries, emphasis should be on providing sufficient amounts of high-quality protein to improve survival, growth and development.
AB - During late infancy many infants have a protein intake, which is more than three times as high as the physiological need. Several observational studies have shown an association between a high-protein intake (>15 energy %) early in life and an increased risk of developing obesity and thereby non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life. This effect was supported by a recent intervention study with infant formulas with two levels of protein, showing that a higher protein intake during the first year of life resulted in a higher body mass index (BMI) at age 2 years. It is also plausible that an important reason for the slower growth in breast-fed infants is the lower content of protein in breastmilk, but other qualities of breastmilk could also play a role. A high intake of protein, especially dairy protein, stimulates the growth factors insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and insulin, and it has been suggested that the lower risk of NCDs in breast-fed infants is mediated through a regulation of IGF-I. A low quality of protein, as in cereal-based diets with no animal foods as often seen in low-income countries, may contribute to undernutrition, which can also result in an increased risk of NCDs later in life. In conclusion, there is some evidence that a high protein intake during the complementary feeding period is associated with increased risk of NCDs and that avoidance of a high protein intake could reduce the risk of obesity. In low-income countries, emphasis should be on providing sufficient amounts of high-quality protein to improve survival, growth and development.
KW - Body Composition
KW - Body Mass Index
KW - Breast Feeding
KW - Chronic Disease
KW - Diet
KW - Dietary Proteins
KW - Humans
KW - Infant
KW - Infant Formula
KW - Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
KW - Kidney
KW - Milk, Human
KW - Obesity
KW - Organ Size
KW - Poverty
KW - Risk Factors
U2 - 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.03.014
DO - 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.03.014
M3 - Review
C2 - 22770749
VL - 22
SP - 781
EP - 786
JO - Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases
JF - Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases
SN - 0939-4753
IS - 10
ER -
ID: 44568566