The type and intensity of exercise have independent and additive effects on bone mineral density
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The type and intensity of exercise have independent and additive effects on bone mineral density. / Magkos, Faidon; Yannakoulia, Mary; Kavouras, Stavros A; Sidossis, Labros S.
In: International Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 28, No. 9, 2007, p. 773-779.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - The type and intensity of exercise have independent and additive effects on bone mineral density
AU - Magkos, Faidon
AU - Yannakoulia, Mary
AU - Kavouras, Stavros A
AU - Sidossis, Labros S
N1 - (Ekstern)
PY - 2007
Y1 - 2007
N2 - Previous research on the effects of running and swimming on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is inconclusive. This study examined the putative roles of the type and intensity of exercise in this respect, by measuring aBMD (adjusted for age, weight, and height) of the total body and of various subregions in 52 males aged 17 - 30 yr (21 runners, 16 swimmers, 15 controls). The athletes were competing at either long-distance ("endurance", n = 17) or short-distance ("sprint", n = 20) events. Compared with controls, runners had significantly higher leg aBMD (+ 6.7 %, p < 0.05), while swimmers had significantly lower leg and total body aBMD (- 9.8 % and - 7.0 %, respectively, p < 0.05). Endurance athletes had significantly lower total body aBMD than controls (- 4.9 %, p < 0.05). Sprint athletes did not differ significantly from controls at any site, but they had significantly higher aBMD than endurance athletes throughout the skeleton (p < 0.05). Compared with controls, endurance swimmers had significantly lower aBMD at the legs and total body (- 14.8 % and - 10.4 %, respectively, p < 0.05), while sprint runners had significantly higher values for the legs, trunk, and total body (+ 8.0 %, + 10.0 %, and + 6.3 %, respectively, p < 0.05). Sprint swimmers and endurance runners did not differ from controls at any site or the total body. These results suggest that the type and intensity of exercise have independent and additive effects on bone density.
AB - Previous research on the effects of running and swimming on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is inconclusive. This study examined the putative roles of the type and intensity of exercise in this respect, by measuring aBMD (adjusted for age, weight, and height) of the total body and of various subregions in 52 males aged 17 - 30 yr (21 runners, 16 swimmers, 15 controls). The athletes were competing at either long-distance ("endurance", n = 17) or short-distance ("sprint", n = 20) events. Compared with controls, runners had significantly higher leg aBMD (+ 6.7 %, p < 0.05), while swimmers had significantly lower leg and total body aBMD (- 9.8 % and - 7.0 %, respectively, p < 0.05). Endurance athletes had significantly lower total body aBMD than controls (- 4.9 %, p < 0.05). Sprint athletes did not differ significantly from controls at any site, but they had significantly higher aBMD than endurance athletes throughout the skeleton (p < 0.05). Compared with controls, endurance swimmers had significantly lower aBMD at the legs and total body (- 14.8 % and - 10.4 %, respectively, p < 0.05), while sprint runners had significantly higher values for the legs, trunk, and total body (+ 8.0 %, + 10.0 %, and + 6.3 %, respectively, p < 0.05). Sprint swimmers and endurance runners did not differ from controls at any site or the total body. These results suggest that the type and intensity of exercise have independent and additive effects on bone density.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Adult
KW - Body Composition
KW - Bone Density
KW - Bone and Bones/metabolism
KW - Case-Control Studies
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Exercise/physiology
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Muscle Contraction/physiology
KW - Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
KW - Physical Endurance/physiology
KW - Running/physiology
KW - Swimming/physiology
U2 - 10.1055/s-2007-964979
DO - 10.1055/s-2007-964979
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 17455122
VL - 28
SP - 773
EP - 779
JO - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - International Journal of Sports Medicine
SN - 0172-4622
IS - 9
ER -
ID: 297125589