Visuomotor skill learning in young adults with Down syndrome
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Visuomotor skill learning in young adults with Down syndrome. / Højberg, Laurits Munk; Lundbye-Jensen, Jesper; Wienecke, Jacob.
In: Research in Developmental Disabilities, Vol. 138, 104535, 2023.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Visuomotor skill learning in young adults with Down syndrome
AU - Højberg, Laurits Munk
AU - Lundbye-Jensen, Jesper
AU - Wienecke, Jacob
N1 - Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have impaired general motor skills compared to typically developed (TD) individuals.Aims: To gain knowledge on how young adults with DS learn and retain new motor skills.Methods and procedures: A DS-group (mean age = 23.9 ± 3 years, N = 11), and an age-matched TD-group (mean age 22.8 ± 1.8, N = 14) were recruited. The participants practiced a visuomotor accuracy tracking task (VATT) in seven blocks (10.6 min). Online and offline effects of practice were assessed based on tests of motor performance at baseline immediate and 7-day retention.Outcomes and results: The TD-group performed better than the DS-group on all blocks (all P < 0.001). Both groups improved VATT-performance online from baseline to immediate retention, (all P < 0.001) with no difference in online effect between groups. A significant between-group difference was observed in the offline effect (∆TD - ∆DS, P = 0.04), as the DS-group's performance at 7-day retention was equal to their performance at immediate retention (∆DS, P > 0.05), whereas an offline decrease in performance was found in the TD-group (∆TD, P < 0.001).Conclusions and implications: Visuomotor pinch force accuracy is lower for adults with DS compared to TD. However, adults with DS display significant online improvements in performance with motor practice similar to changes observed for TD. Additionally, adults with DS demonstrate offline consolidation following motor learning leading to significant retention effects.
AB - Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have impaired general motor skills compared to typically developed (TD) individuals.Aims: To gain knowledge on how young adults with DS learn and retain new motor skills.Methods and procedures: A DS-group (mean age = 23.9 ± 3 years, N = 11), and an age-matched TD-group (mean age 22.8 ± 1.8, N = 14) were recruited. The participants practiced a visuomotor accuracy tracking task (VATT) in seven blocks (10.6 min). Online and offline effects of practice were assessed based on tests of motor performance at baseline immediate and 7-day retention.Outcomes and results: The TD-group performed better than the DS-group on all blocks (all P < 0.001). Both groups improved VATT-performance online from baseline to immediate retention, (all P < 0.001) with no difference in online effect between groups. A significant between-group difference was observed in the offline effect (∆TD - ∆DS, P = 0.04), as the DS-group's performance at 7-day retention was equal to their performance at immediate retention (∆DS, P > 0.05), whereas an offline decrease in performance was found in the TD-group (∆TD, P < 0.001).Conclusions and implications: Visuomotor pinch force accuracy is lower for adults with DS compared to TD. However, adults with DS display significant online improvements in performance with motor practice similar to changes observed for TD. Additionally, adults with DS demonstrate offline consolidation following motor learning leading to significant retention effects.
KW - Humans
KW - Young adult
KW - Adult
KW - Down syndrome
KW - Learning
KW - Motor Skills
KW - Task performance and analysis
KW - Motor learning
KW - Cognition
U2 - 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104535
DO - 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104535
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37210919
VL - 138
JO - Research in Developmental Disabilities
JF - Research in Developmental Disabilities
SN - 0891-4222
M1 - 104535
ER -
ID: 357729353