Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
This work was carried out through the collaborative microbial metabolite centre, which is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant U24DK133658, the Alzheimer’s gut project U19AG063744 and BBSRC-NSF award 2152526. We thank T. Adkins and L. McCormick from the USDA ARS Culture Collection for assistance in selecting and providing microbial strains used in this research. This project was supported in part by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. A.M.C.-R. and H.M. were supported by NIH grant 1DP2GM137413. Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health of the NIH under award number F32AT011475 to N.E.A. K.B.K. was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (NRF-2020R1C1C1004046, 2022R1A5A2021216 and 2022M3H9A2096191). B.S. was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) P31915 and K.H. was financed by the FWF research group programme (grant FG3). D.P. was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) CMFI Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2124) and Collaborative Research Center CellMap (TRR 261). A.B., E.A.M., P.C.J., L.V.C.-L. and N.P.L. were supported by The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP #2018/24865-4, #2019/03008-9, #2020/06430-0, #2022/12654-4, #2015/17177-6, #2020/02207-5, #2021/10603-0) and CNPq. C.L.-C. received financial support from StrainBiotech and the FEMSA Biotechnology Center from Tecnológico de Monterrey. L.R.-O. received a scholarship from the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT). W.H.G. was supported by NIH R01 GM107550. N.G. was supported by the NSF CAREER Award #2047235. N.J.B., S.D. and J.S.S.D. were supported by ERC Horizon 2020 (grant agreement no. 694569) and by a Spinoza award (to J.S.S.D. from NWO). B.C.W. was supported by CMFI Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2124). M.B. was supported by DZIF (Grant no. TTU 09.722). A.V.P.d.L., S.L.L.R. and P.B.P. were supported by ERA-Net Cofund project BlueBio (grant agreement no. 311913), Research Council of Norway (300846). H.M.R., M.F.L. and G.L.B. were supported by Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant NNF19OC0056246; PRIMA—toward Personalized dietary Recommendations based on the Interaction between diet, Microbiome and Abiotic conditions in the gut). H.M.R. was supported by the Independent Research Fund Denmark (MOTILITY; grant no. 0171-00006B). E.C.O.N. was supported by a Nottingham Research Fellowship. A.I.P.-L. was supported by FPU (FPU19/00289). M.F.T. and R.d.C.P. were supported by R35GM12889. C.M.-S. was supported by Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación (IJC2018-036923-I) and Proyectos dirigidos por jóvenes investigadores de la Universidad de Málaga (B1-2021_21). D.R. was supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-107724GB-I00) and Junta de Andalucía (P20_00479). X.L.G. was supported by a Nanyang Assistant Professorship. K.-S.J. was supported by NIH R01 GM137135. A.S. was supported by EMBO fellowship ALTF 996-2021. S.P. was supported by ETH Zurich Career Seed Fellowship. R.G. was supported by the Simons Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship in Marine Microbial Ecology. H.C. was supported by NIH R01AI167860 and CIFAR. M.C.T. was supported by T32 DK007202 (NIDDK), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine through the Predoctoral Fellowship of the Ford Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Graduate Fellowships grant GT15123. E.E.-L. was supported by VI-Universidad de Costa Rica, Grants numbers C1604 and C0469. P.C. was supported by VI-Universidad de Costa Rica, Grants numbers C1604 and C0469; US National Science Foundation DEB-1638976. D.A.-V. and G.T.-C. were supported by VI-Universidad de Costa Rica, Grants numbers C1604 and C0469. K.F. was supported by CMFI Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2124). H.H.F.K. and G.F.d.S. were supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM). D.B.S. was supported by Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul - FUNDECT (process number: 71/032.390/2022, FUNDECT number: 311/2022). K.L.M. was supported by NIH/1R01GM132649. P.-M.A. was supported by a swissuniversities Open Research Data grant. M.C.M.K. and S.L.J. were supported by NIH R35GM142938. A.D.P. was supported by NIH U01 DK119702 and S10 OD021750. A.T.A. was supported by the Betty and Gordon Moore Foundation. M.L. and P.B. were supported by the Max Planck Society. Omnia Group Ltd. is duly acknowledged for microbial cultures. B.S.P. and N.B. were partially supported by NIH 1R01LM013115 and NSF ABI 1759980. R.K. was supported by NIH DP1AT010885. L.P.N. was supported by Omnia Group Ltd. We thank Shimadzu South Africa Ltd. for analytical support, and J. MacRae, head of The Metabolomics STP at the Francis Crick Institute, for guidance. J.-L.W. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Bridge – Discovery 40B2-0_211759 for studies on fungal metabolomics.

Funding Information:
This work was carried out through the collaborative microbial metabolite centre, which is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant U24DK133658, the Alzheimer’s gut project U19AG063744 and BBSRC-NSF award 2152526. We thank T. Adkins and L. McCormick from the USDA ARS Culture Collection for assistance in selecting and providing microbial strains used in this research. This project was supported in part by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. A.M.C.-R. and H.M. were supported by NIH grant 1DP2GM137413. Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health of the NIH under award number F32AT011475 to N.E.A. K.B.K. was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (NRF-2020R1C1C1004046, 2022R1A5A2021216 and 2022M3H9A2096191). B.S. was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) P31915 and K.H. was financed by the FWF research group programme (grant FG3). D.P. was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) CMFI Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2124) and Collaborative Research Center CellMap (TRR 261). A.B., E.A.M., P.C.J., L.V.C.-L. and N.P.L. were supported by The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP #2018/24865-4, #2019/03008-9, #2020/06430-0, #2022/12654-4, #2015/17177-6, #2020/02207-5, #2021/10603-0) and CNPq. C.L.-C. received financial support from StrainBiotech and the FEMSA Biotechnology Center from Tecnológico de Monterrey. L.R.-O. received a scholarship from the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT). W.H.G. was supported by NIH R01 GM107550. N.G. was supported by the NSF CAREER Award #2047235. N.J.B., S.D. and J.S.S.D. were supported by ERC Horizon 2020 (grant agreement no. 694569) and by a Spinoza award (to J.S.S.D. from NWO). B.C.W. was supported by CMFI Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2124). M.B. was supported by DZIF (Grant no. TTU 09.722). A.V.P.d.L., S.L.L.R. and P.B.P. were supported by ERA-Net Cofund project BlueBio (grant agreement no. 311913), Research Council of Norway (300846). H.M.R., M.F.L. and G.L.B. were supported by Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant NNF19OC0056246; PRIMA—toward Personalized dietary Recommendations based on the Interaction between diet, Microbiome and Abiotic conditions in the gut). H.M.R. was supported by the Independent Research Fund Denmark (MOTILITY; grant no. 0171-00006B). E.C.O.N. was supported by a Nottingham Research Fellowship. A.I.P.-L. was supported by FPU (FPU19/00289). M.F.T. and R.d.C.P. were supported by R35GM12889. C.M.-S. was supported by Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación (IJC2018-036923-I) and Proyectos dirigidos por jóvenes investigadores de la Universidad de Málaga (B1-2021_21). D.R. was supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-107724GB-I00) and Junta de Andalucía (P20_00479). X.L.G. was supported by a Nanyang Assistant Professorship. K.-S.J. was supported by NIH R01 GM137135. A.S. was supported by EMBO fellowship ALTF 996-2021. S.P. was supported by ETH Zurich Career Seed Fellowship. R.G. was supported by the Simons Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship in Marine Microbial Ecology. H.C. was supported by NIH R01AI167860 and CIFAR. M.C.T. was supported by T32 DK007202 (NIDDK), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine through the Predoctoral Fellowship of the Ford Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Graduate Fellowships grant GT15123. E.E.-L. was supported by VI-Universidad de Costa Rica, Grants numbers C1604 and C0469. P.C. was supported by VI-Universidad de Costa Rica, Grants numbers C1604 and C0469; US National Science Foundation DEB-1638976. D.A.-V. and G.T.-C. were supported by VI-Universidad de Costa Rica, Grants numbers C1604 and C0469. K.F. was supported by CMFI Cluster of Excellence (EXC 2124). H.H.F.K. and G.F.d.S. were supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM). D.B.S. was supported by Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul - FUNDECT (process number: 71/032.390/2022, FUNDECT number: 311/2022). K.L.M. was supported by NIH/1R01GM132649. P.-M.A. was supported by a swissuniversities Open Research Data grant. M.C.M.K. and S.L.J. were supported by NIH R35GM142938. A.D.P. was supported by NIH U01 DK119702 and S10 OD021750. A.T.A. was supported by the Betty and Gordon Moore Foundation. M.L. and P.B. were supported by the Max Planck Society. Omnia Group Ltd. is duly acknowledged for microbial cultures. B.S.P. and N.B. were partially supported by NIH 1R01LM013115 and NSF ABI 1759980. R.K. was supported by NIH DP1AT010885. L.P.N. was supported by Omnia Group Ltd. We thank Shimadzu South Africa Ltd. for analytical support, and J. MacRae, head of The Metabolomics STP at the Francis Crick Institute, for guidance. J.-L.W. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Bridge – Discovery 40B2-0_211759 for studies on fungal metabolomics.

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