TY - JOUR

T1 - Associations of early childhood body mass index trajectories with body composition and cardiometabolic markers at age 10 years

T2 - the Ethiopian infant anthropometry and body composition (iABC) birth cohort study

AU - Megersa, Bikila S.

AU - Andersen, Gregers S.

AU - Abera, Mubarek

AU - Abdissa, Alemseged

AU - Zinab, Beakal

AU - Ali, Rahma

AU - Admassu, Bitiya

AU - Kedir, Elias

AU - Nitsch, Dorothea

AU - Filteau, Suzanne

AU - Girma, Tsinuel

AU - Yilma, Daniel

AU - Wells, Jonathan CK

AU - Friis, Henrik

AU - Wibaek, Rasmus

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2024 American Society for Nutrition

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Background: Variability in body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) trajectories is associated with body composition and cardiometabolic markers in early childhood, but it is unknown how these associations track to later childhood. Objectives: We aimed to assess associations of BMI trajectories from 0 to 5 y with body composition and cardiometabolic markers at 10 y. Methods: In the Ethiopian infant anthropometry and body composition (iABC) birth cohort, we previously identified 4 distinct BMI trajectories from 0 to 5 y: stable low BMI (19.2%), normal BMI (48.8%), rapid growth to high BMI (17.9%), and slow growth to high BMI (14.1%). At 10 y, we obtained data from 320 children on anthropometry, body composition, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat, and cardiometabolic markers. Associations of BMI trajectories and 10-y outcomes were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: Compared with children with the normal BMI trajectory, those with rapid growth to high BMI had 1.7 cm (95% CI: 0.1, 3.3) larger waist circumference and those with slow growth to high had 0.63 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.09, 1.17) greater fat mass index and 0.19 cm (95% CI: 0.02, 0.37) greater abdominal subcutaneous fat, whereas those with stable low BMI had −0.28 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.59, 0.03) lower fat-free mass at 10 y. Although the confidence bands were wide and included the null value, children with rapid growth to high BMI trajectory had 48.6% (95% CI: −1.4, 123.8) higher C-peptide concentration and those with slow growth to high BMI had 29.8% (95% CI: −0.8, 69.8) higher insulin and 30.3% (95% CI: −1.1, 71.6) higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, whereas those with rapid growth to high BMI had −0.23 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.47, 0.02) lower total cholesterol concentration. The trajectories were not associated with abdominal visceral fat, blood pressure, glucose, and other lipids at 10 y. Conclusions: Children with rapid and slow growth to high BMI trajectories before 5 y tend to show higher measures of adiposity and higher concentrations of markers related to glucose metabolism at 10 y. Clinical Trial Registry: ISRCTN46718296 (https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN46718296).

AB - Background: Variability in body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) trajectories is associated with body composition and cardiometabolic markers in early childhood, but it is unknown how these associations track to later childhood. Objectives: We aimed to assess associations of BMI trajectories from 0 to 5 y with body composition and cardiometabolic markers at 10 y. Methods: In the Ethiopian infant anthropometry and body composition (iABC) birth cohort, we previously identified 4 distinct BMI trajectories from 0 to 5 y: stable low BMI (19.2%), normal BMI (48.8%), rapid growth to high BMI (17.9%), and slow growth to high BMI (14.1%). At 10 y, we obtained data from 320 children on anthropometry, body composition, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat, and cardiometabolic markers. Associations of BMI trajectories and 10-y outcomes were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: Compared with children with the normal BMI trajectory, those with rapid growth to high BMI had 1.7 cm (95% CI: 0.1, 3.3) larger waist circumference and those with slow growth to high had 0.63 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.09, 1.17) greater fat mass index and 0.19 cm (95% CI: 0.02, 0.37) greater abdominal subcutaneous fat, whereas those with stable low BMI had −0.28 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.59, 0.03) lower fat-free mass at 10 y. Although the confidence bands were wide and included the null value, children with rapid growth to high BMI trajectory had 48.6% (95% CI: −1.4, 123.8) higher C-peptide concentration and those with slow growth to high BMI had 29.8% (95% CI: −0.8, 69.8) higher insulin and 30.3% (95% CI: −1.1, 71.6) higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, whereas those with rapid growth to high BMI had −0.23 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.47, 0.02) lower total cholesterol concentration. The trajectories were not associated with abdominal visceral fat, blood pressure, glucose, and other lipids at 10 y. Conclusions: Children with rapid and slow growth to high BMI trajectories before 5 y tend to show higher measures of adiposity and higher concentrations of markers related to glucose metabolism at 10 y. Clinical Trial Registry: ISRCTN46718296 (https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN46718296).

KW - abdominal subcutaneous fat

KW - BMI

KW - cardiometabolic markers

KW - fat mass

KW - fat-free mass

KW - latent class trajectory

KW - visceral fat

U2 - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.004

DO - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.004

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 38458400

AN - SCOPUS:85188621477

JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

SN - 0002-9165

ER -