TY - JOUR

T1 - Overall glycaemic index and glycaemic load of habitual diet and risk of heart disease

AU - Grau, Katrine

AU - Tetens, Inge

AU - Bjørnsbo, Kirsten S

AU - Heitman, Berit L

PY - 2011

Y1 - 2011

N2 - OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that diets with high glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) increase the risk of heart disease.DESIGN: Overall GI and GL were assessed from 7 d diet records or diet history interviews.SETTING: Information on hospitalization and death due to CVD and CHD was obtained from the National Register of Cause of Death and the National Register of Patients.SUBJECTS: In total 3959 adult Danes were - depending on time of entry - followed for 6-25 years until 31 December 1999.RESULTS: Overall GI was inversely associated with heart disease in men. The hazard ratios (95 % CI) for the 10th and 90th GI percentiles compared with the median were 1.38 (1.13, 1.68) and 0.90 (0.76, 1.07) for CVD morbidity, 1.45 (1.05, 1.99) and 0.81 (0.62, 1.06) for CVD mortality, and 1.31 (0.97, 1.76) and 0.65 (0.51, 0.84) for CHD morbidity. In male subjects GL was not associated with either outcome. In women no clear association between overall GI and heart disease was found, whereas positive non-linear associations were found for GL: at very high levels of GL, increase in GL was associated with increasing CVD and CHD morbidity.CONCLUSIONS: In men low-GI diets were associated increased risk of heart disease and GL was not associated with heart disease. In women there was no clear association between GI and heart disease, but to some extent a positive association between GL and heart disease was observed as hypothesized.

AB - OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that diets with high glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) increase the risk of heart disease.DESIGN: Overall GI and GL were assessed from 7 d diet records or diet history interviews.SETTING: Information on hospitalization and death due to CVD and CHD was obtained from the National Register of Cause of Death and the National Register of Patients.SUBJECTS: In total 3959 adult Danes were - depending on time of entry - followed for 6-25 years until 31 December 1999.RESULTS: Overall GI was inversely associated with heart disease in men. The hazard ratios (95 % CI) for the 10th and 90th GI percentiles compared with the median were 1.38 (1.13, 1.68) and 0.90 (0.76, 1.07) for CVD morbidity, 1.45 (1.05, 1.99) and 0.81 (0.62, 1.06) for CVD mortality, and 1.31 (0.97, 1.76) and 0.65 (0.51, 0.84) for CHD morbidity. In male subjects GL was not associated with either outcome. In women no clear association between overall GI and heart disease was found, whereas positive non-linear associations were found for GL: at very high levels of GL, increase in GL was associated with increasing CVD and CHD morbidity.CONCLUSIONS: In men low-GI diets were associated increased risk of heart disease and GL was not associated with heart disease. In women there was no clear association between GI and heart disease, but to some extent a positive association between GL and heart disease was observed as hypothesized.

KW - Adult

KW - Aged

KW - Cohort Studies

KW - Diet Records

KW - Dietary Carbohydrates

KW - Feeding Behavior

KW - Female

KW - Follow-Up Studies

KW - Glycemic Index

KW - Heart Diseases

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Prospective Studies

KW - Sex Factors

KW - Cardiovascular disease

KW - Diet

U2 - 10.1017/S136898001000176X

DO - 10.1017/S136898001000176X

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 20576198

VL - 14

SP - 109

EP - 118

JO - Public Health Nutrition

JF - Public Health Nutrition

SN - 1368-9800

IS - 1

ER -