Dose-dependent associations of dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and fiber with 3-year weight loss maintenance and glycemic status in a high-risk population: A secondary analysis of the diabetes prevention study PREVIEW

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

  • Thomas Meinert Larsen
  • Mikael Fogelholm
  • Sally D Poppitt
  • Pia Siig Vestentoft
  • Marta P Silvestre
  • Elli Jalo
  • Santiago Navas-Carretero
  • Maija Huttunen-Lenz
  • Moira A Taylor
  • Gareth Stratton
  • Nils Swindell
  • Mathijs Drummen
  • Tanja C Adam
  • Christian Ritz
  • Jouko Sundvall
  • Liisa M Valsta
  • Roslyn Muirhead
  • Shannon Brodie
  • Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska
  • Svetoslav Handjiev
  • J Alfredo Martinez
  • Ian A Macdonald
  • Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga
  • Jennie Brand-Miller

Objective: To examine longitudinal and dose-dependent associations of dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and fiber with body weight and glycemic status during 3-year weight loss maintenance (WLM) in adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods: In this secondary analysis we used pooled data from the PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World (PREVIEW) randomized controlled trial, which was designed to test the effects of four diet and physical activity interventions. A total of 1,279 participants with overweight or obesity (age 25-70 years and BMI ≥25 kg ⋅ m-2) and prediabetes at baseline were included. We used multiadjusted linear mixed models with repeated measurements to assess longitudinal and dose-dependent associations by merging the participants into one group and dividing them into GI, GL, and fiber tertiles, respectively.

Results: In the available-case and complete-case analyses, each 10-unit increment in GI was associated with a greater regain of weight (0.46 kg ⋅ year-1; 95% CI 0.23, 0.68; P < 0.001) and increase in HbA1c. Each 20-unit increment in GL was associated with a greater regain of weight (0.49 kg ⋅ year-1; 0.24, 0.75; P < 0.001) and increase in HbA1c. The associations of GI and GL with HbA1c were independent of weight change. Compared with those in the lowest tertiles, participants in the highest GI and GL tertiles had significantly greater weight regain and increases in HbA1c. Fiber was inversely associated with increases in waist circumference, but the associations with weight regain and glycemic status did not remain robust in different analyses.

Conclusions: Dietary GI and GL were positively associated with weight regain and deteriorating glycemic status. Stronger evidence on the role of fiber is needed.

Original languageEnglish
JournalDiabetes Care
Volume44
Issue number7
Pages (from-to)1672-1681
Number of pages10
ISSN0149-5992
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2021

Bibliographical note

© 2021 by the American Diabetes Association.

ID: 269913335